Abrasive Wear Studies of Pack Cyanided Mild Steel (Pcms)
Abrasive Wear Studies of Pack Cyanided Mild Steel (Pcms).
ABSTRACT
This work aimed at using processed cassava leaves to pack cyanide mild steel (MS) under different treatment conditions and investigating the wear properties of the pack cyanided mild steel (PCMS).
Pack cyaniding (PC) of a MS was achieved using processed cassava leaves powder with BaCO3 as energizer in the heat treatment process.
Four different powder particle sizes were utilized at four different temperatures (750oC, 800oC, 850oC and 900oC) and soaked for 3 hours.
In this present work, the microstructures of the un-treated sample and PCMS were characterized to know the cases formed.
The abrasive wear tests of the PCMS were carried out using a pin-on-disk wear tester against untreated mild steel pin having a hardness of 197.5 VHN.
The PMSs wear properties were evaluated, using abrasive velocity of 0.26 m/s, normal load of 20 N, total abrasive distance of 156 m and controlled room temperature of 25 ◦C.
The effect of particle size (212, 300, 600 and 850 µm) on the hardness and wear properties of a series of PCMS treated at different temperatures has been studied in this work.
TABLE OF CONTENT
DEDICATION……………..i
CERTIFICATION……………… ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……… iii
LIST OF TABLES………..iv
LIST OF FIGURES…………vii
LIST OF ABREVIATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………. ix
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… x
CHAPTER ONE……………………………………………………………………………………………………….1
- INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………….1
- Motivation for Current Work……………………………………………………………………………….3
- Aim and Objectives of Present Work…………………………………………………………………… 4
- Outline of work…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
- Scope……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
- Justification……………………………………………………………………………………………………….5
CHAPTER TWO………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
- LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………………………………………..6
- Background……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
2.2.1 Cassava Leaves as a Source of both Carbon and Nitrogen………………………………. 10
- Case-hardening…………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
- Diffusion Methods…………………………………………………………………………………….. 11
- Cyaniding……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
- Pack Cyaniding……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
- Low Temperature Pack Cyaniding……………………………………………………………….14
- High Temperature Pack Cyaniding………………………………………………………………17
- Carburizing……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 17
- Nitriding…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18
- Carbonitriding…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18
- Tribological Properties of Metals…………………………………………………………………………21
- Wear……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
- Wear Classifications…………………………………………………………………………………..24
- Wear Measures………………………………………………………………………………………….24
- Pin-on-Disk Wear Test……………………………………………………………………………… 25
2.4.5 Wear Tests for Coatings…………………………………………………………………………………. 26
CHAPTER THREE………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
- METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
- Sample Preparation………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
- Disk Preparation………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
- Pin Preparation………………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
- Metallographic Sample……………………………………………………………………………….. 30
- Cyaniding Boat…………………………………………………………………………………………. 31
- Cassava Leaves Powder Preparation………………………………………………………………….. 31
- Sieve Analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
- High-Temperature Pack Cyaniding Treatment Procedure……………………………………… 33
- Labelling of Samples………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
- Pack Cyaniding Procedure………………………………………………………………………….. 34
- Metallography…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 35
- Case Hardness Measurement…………………………………………………………………………….. 35
- Wear test and analysis method………………………………………………………………………….. 36
- Cleanliness……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 36
- Wear Test Procedure………………………………………………………………………………….. 36
CHAPTER FOUR……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 38
- RESULTS/ DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………………………….. 38
- Composition Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………. 38
- Case Formation and Micrographs………………………………………………………………………. 38
- Microhardness Results……………………………………………………………………………………… 44
- Variation of Case Hardness with Pack Cyaniding Temperature……………………….. 46
- Variation of Case Hardness with Cassava Leaves Particle Size……………………….. 47
- Deductions from Packing Cyaniding………………………………………………………………….. 48
- Pin-On-Disk Test Results………………………………………………………………………………….. 49
- Effect of Pack Cyaniding on Wear Properties of Pack Cyanided Mild Steel 49
- Effect of Pack Cyaniding Temperature on Wear Resistance of PCMS 52
- Effect of Pack Cyaniding Temperature on Wear Volume of PCMS…………………. 55
- Effect of Particle Size on Wear Volume of Pack Cyanided Mild Steels 56
- Effect of Pack Cyaniding Temperature on Wear Resistance of PCMS……………… 56
- Effect of Particle Size on Wear Resistance of Pack Cyanided Mild Steels………… 57
- Deduction from Wear Test Result……………………………………………………………………… 57
- Practical Implications……………………………………………………………………………………….. 58
- CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 59
RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 60
INTRODUCTION
It is an undisputable fact that iron and steel are the most widely used engineering materials in industries. MS possesses the unique combinations of good mechanical properties and toughness but poor resistance to wear [1].
When the contact surfaces of these materials are subjected to relative motion, they undergo material removal known as wear. Thus their surface modification is necessary to improve their tribological behaviour.
Therefore, there is the need to minimise friction and wear in order to extend the lifespan of these components.
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