Assessment of Antibiotic Utilization Pattern in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria 

Filed in Pharmaceutical Sciences by on October 21, 2020

Assessment of Antibiotic Utilization Pattern in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital, Kano State, Nigeria 

ABSTRACT  

The inappropriate use of antibiotics in children predisposes them to the adverse effects of these drugs. So it is important to carry out drug use study in children in order optimize antibiotic use.

The aim of this study was to assess the utilization pattern of antibiotics in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital, Kano state, Nigeria.

Prescriptions issued to outpatients were collected prospectively and used to assess the World Health Organization (WHO) core drug use indicators based on WHO methodology.

Educational intervention was provided to management, non-professional health care workers and parents/caregivers.

The average number of drugs per prescription for the non-professional health care workers was 2.4, but this reduced to 2.1 after intervention.

The percentage encounter with antibiotics was high (95%) for the non-professional health care workers before intervention, but this improved to 65% after intervention.

About 44.2% of antibiotics were prescribed in generic name by the non-professional health care workers before intervention, but this value increased to 54.3% after intervention.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover page …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….i
Fly leaf …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………ii
Title page …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….iii
DECLARATION ………………………………………………………………………………………………….iv
CERTIFICATION …………………………………………………………………………………………………v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………………………..vi
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………………………………..vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………………………….ix
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………………………………xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………………………………..xv
LIST OF APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………………………..xvii

CHAPTER ONE……………………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.0 INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 Background of the Study …………………………………………………………………………………..1
1.2 Rational Use of Medicines…………………………………………………………………………………2
1.3 Drug Use Indicators………………………………………………………………………………………….3
1.4 Drug Utilization Studies ……………………………………………………………………………………4
1.5 Statement of Research Problem………………………………………………………………………….6
1.6 Justification for the Study ………………………………………………………………………………….7
1.7 Study Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………………………………..8
1.8 Aim and Objectives of the Study………………………………………………………………………..8

CHAPTER TWO …………………………………………………………………………………………………10
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ………………………………………………………………………………..10
2.1 The ABC/VED Analysis as a Method of Inventory Control …………………………………12

CHAPTER THREE ……………………………………………………………………………………………..15
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHOD………………………………………………………………………..15
3.1 Materials ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….15
3.2 Study Site ………………………………………………………………………………………………………15
3.3 Sample Size……………………………………………………………………………………………………16
3.4 Sampling Technique ……………………………………………………………………………………….16
3.5 Study Design………………………………………………………………………………………………….16
3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria……………………………………………………………………….18
3.7 Data Collection ………………………………………………………………………………………………18
3.7.1 Pre-intervention stage …………………………………………………………………………………..18
3.7.2 Calculation of drug utilization 90% (DU 90%)………………………………………………..21
3.7.3 ABC/VED analysis………………………………………………………………………………………21
3.7.4 Intervention stage…………………………………………………………………………………………22
3.7.5 Post-intervention stage………………………………………………………………………………….23
3.8 Statistical Analysis………………………………………………………………………………………….23
3.9 Ethical Consideration………………………………………………………………………………………24

CHAPTER FOUR………………………………………………………………………………………………..25
4.0 RESULTS ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..25
4.1 Demographic characteristics of patients in the study …………………………………………..25
4.2 Presence/Absence of Vital information on Outpatient Prescriptions ……………………..27
4.3 Dosage Form of Antibiotics Prescribed……………………………………………………………..29
4.3 Reasons for Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions Written by Professional Health Care
Workers in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital, Kano…………………………………….29
4.3 Reasons for Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions Written by Non-Professional Health
Care Workers in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital, Kano …………………………….31
4.4 Drug Use Indicators for Professional Health Care Workers………………………………….33
4.4.1 Prescribing indicators……………………………………………………………………………………33
4.4.2 Patient care indicators…………………………………………………………………………………..35
4.4.3 Facility indicators…………………………………………………………………………………………37
4.5 Pre-intervention and Post-Intervention Drug Use Indicators for Non-Professional
Health Care Workers in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital, Kano…………………..39
4.5.1 Prescribing indicators……………………………………………………………………………………39
4.5.3 Facility indicators…………………………………………………………………………………………43
4.6 Drug Utilization 90% (DU 90%)………………………………………………………………………45
4.6.1 Drug utilization 90% for professional health care workers………………………………..45
4.6.2 Drug Utilization 90% for Non-professional Health Care Workers ……………………..47
4.7 Monthly Purchase of Antibiotics in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital, Kano ……….49
4.7.1 Monthly Purchase of Antibiotics in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital for the
Month of January, 2017 ……………………………………………………………………………..49
4.7.2 Monthly Purchase of Antibiotics in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital for the
Month of December, 2016 ………………………………………………………………………….51
4.7.3 Monthly Purchase of Antibiotics in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital for the
Month of November, 2016………………………………………………………………………….53
4.8 Record of Medicine Purchase in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital, Kano from
November, 2016 to January, 2017 ……………………………………………………………….55
4.9 ABC/VED Analysis of Antibiotics in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital, Kano…….57
4.9.1 ABC Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………………………..57
4.9.2 VED analysis ………………………………………………………………………………………………59
4.10 ABC-VED Matrix Analysis of Antibiotics in Hasiya Bayero Paediatric Hospital,
Kano………………………………………………………………………………………………………..61

CHAPTER FIVE …………………………………………………………………………………………………63
5.0 DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………………………………………..63
CHAPTER SIX……………………………………………………………………………………………………76
6.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ………………………………………………………………….76
6.1 Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………….76
6.2 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………………….77
6.3 Limitations of the study …………………………………………………………………………………..78
6.4 Recommendations…………………………………………………………………………………………..78
6.5 Contributions of the Study to Knowledge ………………………………………………………….78
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………80
APPENDICES …………………………………………………………………………………………………….85

INTRODUCTION  

Infectious diseases are among the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality in most developing countries of the world (WHO, 2008).

The prevalence of disease, resulting from diverse groups of organisms are becoming alarming, especially in the continent of Africa, either singly or as co-morbidity (WHO, 2008).

Antimicrobial drugs used to treat disorders caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi evidently require huge prescriptions in African nations.

The remarkable discovery of penicillin by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928 was the beginning of antibiotic revolution, which changed the course of modern medicine (Rubin, 2007).

Antibiotics are substances that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Antibiotics either kill microorganisms (bactericidal) or retard their growth (bacteriostatic) so that the body’s own immune system can overcome the infection.

The first antibiotics were produced by and isolated from microorganism but subsequent knowledge of these agents has been used to synthesize chemotherapeutic agents.

REFERENCES

Adebayo, E.T. and Hussain, N.A. (2010). Pattern of prescription and drug use in Nigerian Army hospitals. Annals of African Medicine, 9(3): 152-8.

Adibe, M.O., Aguwa, C.N., Ukwe, C.V., Okonta, J.M. and Udeogaranya, P.O. (2009).Outpatient utilization of anti-diabetic drugs in the South Eastern Nigeria.International Journal of Drug Development and Research, 1(1): 27-35.

Akande, T.M. and Ologe, M.O. (2007). Prescription pattern at a secondary health care facility in Ilorin, Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine, 6(4): 186-189.

Atif, M., Azeem, M., Saqid, A. and Scahill, S. (2017). Investigation of antimicrobial use at a tertiary care hospital in southern Punjab, Pakistan using WHO methodology. Journal of Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 6:41.

Bajcetic, M. and Jovanovic, I. (2012). Current aspects of rational antibiotic use in paediatrics. Paediatrics Today, 8(2): 79-90.

 

Comments are closed.

Hey Hi

Don't miss this opportunity

Enter Your Details