Assessment of Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of People Living With Hiv/Aids Attending Some VCT Units
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ABSTRACT
This study assessed the dietary pattern and nutritional status of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) attending some voluntary and counselling test units in Kaduna metropolis.
The studied subjects consisted of 74 adult patients infected with HIV between the ages of 18 and 60 years and 74 age-and-sexed-matched apparently healthy volunteers who were HIV negative as the control group.
A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the subjects. Dietary diversity of the subjectsand control were assessed using food frequency questionnaire.
Blood serum total protein, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol were determined spectrophotometrically while serum zinc and iron were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
Result obtained shows that majority of patients (39.19%) were between 26 and 33years.
A sizeable percentages of patients (33.78%) and control (52.7%) were overweight (BMI ≥ 25.00kg/m2), while some patients (25.68%) and control (37.93%) were under weight (BMI < 18.49kg/m2).
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page——— i
Declaration——– ii
Certification——— iii
Dedication——— iv
Acknowledgments——– v
Abstract——– vi
Table of Contents——- viii
List of Tables—– xiii
List of Figures——– xiv
List of Abbreviations—– xv
List of Appendices ——– xvii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION ———— 1 1.1
Statement of Research Problem—– 2 1.2
Justification ——– 2 1.3
Aim and Objectives—— 3 1.3.1
Aim———- 3 1.3.2
Specific Objectives——– 3
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW——— 4 2.1
HIV Prevalence ——- 4 2.2
Nutritional Status ——— 5
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS and METHODS——– 24
3.1 Materials ——– 24
3.1.1 Study Area ———– 24
3.1.2 Study Design ———- 24
3.1.3 Study Population ——— 24
3.1.4 Inclusion Criteria——– 24
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS ——- 35
4.1 Demographic and Socio-Economic Characteristics of People Living With HIV/AIDS Attending VCT Units in Kaduna Metropolis —— 35
4.2 Anthropometric Characteristics of People Living With HIV/AIIDS Attending VCT Units in Kaduna Metropolis —37
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DISCUSSION ———- 56
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ——– 66
6.1 Summary ——— 66
6.2 Conclusions ——– 67
6.3 Recommendations—— 68
REFERENCES ——— 69
APPENDIX ——— 79
INTRODUCTION
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, popularly known as AIDS, is caused by the virus, Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV). This is a tiny germ that is invisible to the eye that attacks the immune system of the body.
AIDS is a condition in which the virus damages the body immune system and renders it helpless against any infection, (Hawkes et al., 2002).
According to the World Health Organization (2005), AIDS is the most dreaded, most feared and the most talked about disease in the world today.
It is a deadly disease that has no cure. According to Ojedokun (2004), there are two main sub types: HIV I and HIV II. HIV I is the most common type all over the world while HIV II is only common in West Africa.
The intensity and the pattern with which HIV/AIDS affects nutritional status are very much different from that in other infections and in ordinary case of inadequate nutrients intake (Piwoz and Preble, 2000).
Due to lack of cure for HIV/AIDS, the immune system of infected patients is under constant exposure to infections which adversely affect the nutritional status and immune competence of the subjects in question (Piwoz and Preble, 2000).
REFERENCES
Allain, C. C., Poon, L. S., Chan, C. S., Richmond, W. F. P. C., & Fu, P. C. (1974). Enzymatic determination of total serum cholesterol. Clinical chemistry, 20(4), 470-475.
Banwat, M. E., Yakubu, N. W., Olalude, E. O., &Ogunsakin, J. A. (2013). An Assessment of the Nutritional Knowledge, Practice and Status of Adult HIV/Aids Patients Attending an Art Centre in Jos, North Central Nigeria. Health Care Current Reviews, 1(101), 2.
Bartlett, J. G. (2003). Integrating nutrition therapy into medical management of human immunodeficiency virus. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 36(2), S51.
Batterham, M. J. (2005). Investigating heterogeneity in studies of resting energy expenditure in persons with HIV/AIDS: a meta-analysis. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 81(3), 702-713.
Baum, M. K., Shor-Posner, G., &Campa, A. (2000). Zinc status in human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Journal of nutrition, 130(5), 1421S-1423S.
Baum, M. K., Lai, S., Sales, S., Page, J. B., &Campa, A. (2010). Randomized, controlled clinical trial of zinc supplementation to prevent immunological failure in HIV-infected adults. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 50(12), 1653-1660.
