Assessment of Dumpsite Impact on Soil and Groundwater Quality
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ABSTRACT
The assessment of dumpsite impact on soil and groundwater quality in Tudun Wada, Kaduna was carried out.
Eight samples of soil and groundwater respectively were collected using grid sampling method and analysed by using Atomic Absorption spectrometer, colony counter, data logging spectrometer and oxygen meter, in Kaduna State Environmental Protection Authority (KEPA) laboratory.
The results of the water samples obtained showed that most of the physicochemical parameters of the samples analysed such as temperature, pH, conductivity, TDS, dissolved oxygen, BOD, total alkalinity, chloride content,
total hardness, sulphate, nitrate, phosphate, copper, cadmium, chromium, iron, lead and zinc were within the permissible limit by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Nigerian Standard Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ).
While some parameters such as total dissolved solid and biochemical oxygen demand varied with the spartial position from the dumpsite, others such as sulphate and total hardness showed no regular distribution with regards to the distance from the dumpsite but are rather seeing as a function of geological formation of the area.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page
Title Page …………………………………………………………………………………i
Declaration ………………………………………………………………………………..ii
Certification ………………………………………………………………………………iii
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………………..……..iv
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………..……v
Table of contents …………………………………………………………………….….vi
1.0 INTRODUCTION……………………………………….…………………….1
1.1 Background to the Study…………..………………………………………….1
1.2 Statement of the Problem……………………..……………………………….3
1.3 Justification of the study…………….……………..………………………….4
1.4 Aims and Objectives of the study..……………………………………………4
1.5 Scope of the study……….……………………………………………………..4
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………….……………………5
2.1 Land fill…………………………………………………………………………..5
2.2 Solid waste leachate…………………………………………………………..5
2.3 Types of solid waste…………………………………………………………..6
3.0 MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT AND METHOD……………………………….44
3.1 Apparatus and Equipment……………………………………….……44
3.2 Site Location and Description………………………………….………45
3.3 Stakeholders Meeting………………………………………………….46
3.4 Samples Collection………..……………………………………………47
3.5 Samples Preparation…………………………………………….…….47
3.6 Analysis of Soil Samples………………………………………………………………..48
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS…………………………….……….50
4.1 Water Analysis…………………………………………………..…….50
4.1.1 pH value of the Water Samples………………………………….…….50
4.1.2 Conductivity Analysis of the Water Samples…………………….……..50
4.1.3 Dissolved Oxygen Analysis of the Water Samples……………………..51
4.1.4 Total Dissolved Solid Analysis in Water Samples………………………52
4.1.5 Total Alkalinity Analysis in Water Samples………………………….…52
4.1.6 BOD Analysis in Water Samples………………………………………..53
4.1.7 Sulphate Analysis in Water Samples……………………………………54
4.1.8 Total Hardness Analysis in Water Samples……………………………..55
5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS….….……………65
5.1 Conclusions…………………………….………………………………65
5.2 Recommendations……………………………………………………………………….66
REFERENCES…..……………………………………………..…………….68
APPENDICES………………………………………………………………………………………71
INTRODUCTION
Background of Study
The sustenance of life depends greatly on water, therefore, the demand for potable water increases continually in line with world population growth.
Recently, many African cities have undergone unprecedented growth in population through migration from rural areas which has led to the growth of cities into sprawling “mega-cities” with large areas of unplanned sub-standard housing with few services.
The unplanned expansion of such cities leads to a serious pollution threat to the groundwater and uncontrolled industrial and commercial activity add to the pollution threat (UNEP, 2002). This has been a major problem in developing countries; provision of drinking water has become expensive and difficult.
The main source of potable water in many of these cities is groundwater, commonly from shallow hand-dug wells and deeper water supply boreholes.
REFERENCES
American Public Health Association, (2005), Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Edition, Washington, DC.
Amadi A.N, Olasehinde P.I, Okosun E.A, Okoye N.O, Okunlola I.A, Alkali Y.B and Dan-Hassan M.A., (2012), A Comparative Study on the Impact of Avu and Ihie Dumpsites on Soil Quality in Southeastern Nigeria, American Journal of Chemistry, 2(1), pp. 17-23.
Al-Nori, Qusai, Effects of the Chemical Quality of Leachate from Solid Waste on Ground Water and Soil,(Unpublished Master‟s Thisis). An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine, 1999.
Arukwe A, Eggen, T and Möder M., (2012), Solid waste deposits as a significant source of contaminants of emerging concern to the aquatic and terrestrial environments – A developing country case study from Owerri, Nigeria.Science of the Total Environment, 438 (1), pp. 94–10.
Bishop P. Pollution prevention: fundamentals and practice. McGraw-Hill, Inc;2000
Environmental Protection Agency, (2001), Parameters of water quality interpretation and standards, irland.
