Assessment of Exposure to Body Fluids Among Health Care Workers
– Assessment of Exposure to Body Fluids Among Health Care Workers –
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess exposure to body fluids among health care workers in Kaduna State hospitals.
The study population comprises of all doctors, nurses, lab scientists and attendants working in Kaduna State hospitals.
The sample size used for the study was 346 using the Yamane sample size selection formula. Stratified sampling method was used, the three existing senatorial zones served as strata.
Each of the strata was clustered according to the existing local government areas.A simple random sampling of deep and pick was used in selecting nine state hospitals, three from each senatorial zone.
Purposive sampling was further used to select nine local governments that have hospitals.Proportionate sampling was used at the various selected state hospitals to distribute questionnaires to the health workers.
The 346 questionnaires were administered out of which 297 (85.8%) were retrieved. The data collected was analysed using one-way analysis of variance and t-test at 0.05 level of confidence.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page – – – – – – – – – ii
Declaration – – – – – – – – – iii
Certification – – – – – – – – iv
Dedication – – – – – – – – – v
Acknowledgements – – – – – – – – vi
Abstract – – – – – – – – vii
Table of Contents – – – – – – – viii
List of Tables – – – – – – – – xi
Abbreviation – – – – – – – – – xiii
Operational Definition of Terms – – – – – – xiv
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem – – – – – – 3
1.3 Purpose of the Study – – – – – – – 6
1.4 Research Questions – – – – – – – 6
1.5 Significance of the Study – – – – – – 7
1.6 Basic Assumption – – – – – – – 8
1.7 Hypotheses – – – – – – – – 8
1.8 Delimitation of the Study – – – – – – 9
1.9 Limitation of the Study – – – – – – – 9
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 11
2.2 Theoretical Framework – – – – – – 13
2.2.1 Assessment, Monitor, and Evaluate – – – – – 14
2.2.2 Elements of the Ottawa Model of Research – – – – 15
2.2.3 Application of Ottawa Model of Research to the Study – – 17
2.3 The Concept of Occupational Health – – – – – 20
2.3.1 Occupational Health Services/Function – – – – 21
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.1. Introduction – – – – – – – – 61
3.2 Research Design – – – – – – – 61
3.3 Population of the Study – – – – – – 62
3.4. Sample and Sampling Technique – – – – – 63
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 68
4.2 Results of Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents – – 69
4.3 Assessment of Age on Health Workers Disposition to Body Fluid Exposure in Kaduna State Hospitals – – – – – 70
4.4 Assessment of Gender on Health Workers Disposition to Body Fluid Exposure in Kaduna State Hospitals – – – – – 71
4.5 Assessment of Years of Experience on Health Workers Disposition to Body Fluid Exposure in Kaduna State Hospitals – – – 72
4.6 Assessment of job Category on Health Workers Disposition to Body Fluid Exposure in Kaduna State Hospitals – – – – 73
4.7 Test of Hypotheses – – – – – – – 74
4.8 Discussion of Findings – – – – – – 79
CHPATER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – 84
5.2 Summary of the Study – – – – – – 84
5.2.1 Summary of Major Findings – – – – – – 85
5.3 Conclusion – – – – – – – – 85
5.4 Recommendations – – – – – – – 86
5.5. Suggestions for Further Studies – – – – – 86
References – – – – – – – – 87
Appendices – – – – – – – – 102
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Body fluids are liquids originating from inside the bodies of living humans. They include fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body.
Human body fluids and other body tissues are widely recognized as vehicles for the transmission of human disease.
Body fluid visibly contaminated with blood should be considered capable of transmitting hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Semen and vaginal secretions should also be considered potentially able to transmit these viruses.
Similarly, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, pleural fluid, synovial fluid, and peritoneal and pericardial fluids carry a significant risk of transmitting these viruses.
In contrast, unless blood is visibly present, saliva, sputum, sweat, tears, feces, nasal secretions, urine, and vomitus carry a very low risk of transmission of HCV and HIV.
REFERENCES
Abiola O. O., Olorunfemi A. O., Babatunde I. A., Oladele S. O., Omolara A. O., Titilope A., Akinlolu G. O. (2013).Occupational exposure to HIV and use of post-exposure prophylaxis in a general hospital in North Central, Nigeria. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, Vol. 3 No 1: 11 – 17.
Adesunkanmi A.K., Badmus T.A., Ogunlusi J.O. (2003). Accidental injuries and cutaneous contaminations during general surgical operations in a Nigerian teaching hospital, East African Journal of Medicine. 80(5):227-34.
Ahmed-Lechebed D., Cunat L., Hartemann P., Hautemaniére A., (2012). Prospective observational study to asses hand skin condition after application of alcohol-based hand rub solutions. American Journal of Infection Control. 40 (2), 160-164.
AmoranO. E. (2013). Occupational Exposure, Risk Perception and Access to Prophylaxis for HIV/AIDS Infection among Health Care Workers in Northern Nigeria. British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research 3(2): 275-287.
Asika, N. (2001).Research Methods in Behavioural Sciences. Lagos. Longman Nigeria Plc. Araoye, M.O.(2005). Research Methodology with Statistics for Health and Social Sciences. Ilorin. Nathadex Publishers.
Awusabo-Asare K, Marfo C. (1997) Attitude to management of HIV/AIDS among health workers in Ghana: the case of Cape Coast Municipality. Health Transition Review Supplement. 7:271–280.
