Assessment of Motivation of Non-Construction Professionals in Construction Companies in Abuja, Nigeria
Assessment of Motivation of Non-Construction Professionals in Construction Companies in Abuja, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Construction companies experience low performance of non-construction professionals and lack of self-actualization as a result of inadequate motivation.
This study assessed motivation of non-construction professionals in construction companies in Abuja with a view to improving their performance and self-actualization in the study area.
To achieve this, the study focused on the factors that influence the motivation of non-construction professionals, their current level of motivation, effectiveness of motivational techniques on non-construction professionals and their professional satisfaction and self-actualization within the industry.
The quantitative research approach was adopted using structured questionnaire, the population size is 38 and 348 for management and non-construction professionals respectively.
Stratified sampling technique was used to select a sample of 186 non-construction professionals. Relative Importance Index (RII) was used for the various ranking on motivation.
The study found that the level of motivation of non-construction professionals in relation to physiological and belonging needs is high, while their level of motivation in relation to security, esteem, and self-actualization needs is low.
The ranking of motivational techniques revealed the first five factors as outlined in order of their effectiveness on non-construction professionals: Good remuneration (0.93), professional training courses (0.92), job design (0.91), bonus (0.89) and promotion opportunities (0.88).
TABLE OF CONTENT
Declaration……………………i
Certification ………………ii
Dedication……………iii
Acknowledgement ………………..iv
Table of Contents…………………v
List of Tables……………..viii
List of Figures……………. x
List of Appendices…………….xii
Abstract ………..xii
1.0 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 Background of the Study……………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 Statement of the Research Problem ……………………………………………………………… 4
1.3 Justification of the Study……………………………………………………………………………… 7
1.4 Aim and Objectives……………………………………………………………………………………… 8
1.4.1 Aim ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
1.4.2 Objectives………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
1.5 Scope and Limitation…………………………………………………………………………………… 9
1.5.1 Scope………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
1.5.2 Limitation………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW …………………………………………………………………………… 11
2.1 The Construction Industry ………………………………………………………………………… 11
2.1.1 The Nigerian construction industry …………………………………………………………….. 12
2.1.3 Roles of non-construction professionals in the construction industry………………. 13
2.1.4 Impact of non-construction professionals in the Nigerian construction industry.. 19
2.1.5 The organisational structure of construction companies ………………………………… 22
2.1.6 Medium-size and large construction companies……………………………………………. 23
2.2 Motivation…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24
2.2.1 Characteristics of motivation……………………………………………………………………… 26
2.2.2 The concept of motivation …………………………………………………………………………. 27
2.2.3 Types of motivation ………………………………………………………………………………….. 28
2.3 Effect of Motivation…………………………………………………………………………………… 29
2.3.1 Motivation and performance………………………………………………………………………. 30
2.4 Theories of motivation……………………………………………………………………………….. 31
2.4.1 Content theories……………………………………………………………………………………….. 31
2.4.2 Process theories………………………………………………………………………………………… 35
2.4.3 Reinforcement theory ……………………………………………………………………………….. 37
2.5 Factors Affecting Employee Motivation ……………………………………………………… 40
2.6 Motivational Techniques in the Construction Industry………………………………. 42
2.6.1 Innovative ideas for motivating ………………………………………………………………….. 43
2.6.2 Job design for motivation ………………………………………………………………………….. 45
2.7 Job Satisfaction and Self-actualization ……………………………………………………….. 47
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………………………… 49
3.1 Research Methods Adopted for the Study…………………………………………………… 49
3.2 Data Collection Techniques ……………………………………………………………………….. 50
3.3 Population of the Study ……………………………………………………………………………… 50
3.4 Sampling Technique and Sampling Size……………………………………………………… 52
3.5 Questionnaire Design…………………………………………………………………………………. 53
3.6 Procedure for the Distribution of Questionnaire…………………………………………. 55
3.7 Data Analysis Techniques ………………………………………………………………………….. 55
4.0 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ………………………… 58
4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………. 58
4.2 Demographic Data …………………………………………………………………………………….. 58
4.3 Factors that Influence Motivation of Non-Construction Professionals…………. 65
4.3.1 Factors that influence motivation of Accountants…………………………………………. 67
4.3.2 Factors that influence motivation of Health and Safety Officers …………………….. 69
4.3.3 Factors that influence motivation of Store Keepers……………………………………….. 69
4.3.4 Factors that influence motivation of ICT Professionals …………………………………. 72
4.3.5 Comparing/contrasting between the motivational factors of non-construction
professionals ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 74
4.4 Current Level of Motivation of Non-construction Professionals ………………….. 76
4.4.1 Current level of motivation of Accountants …………………………………………………. 78
4.4.2 Current level of motivation of Health and Safety Officers……………………………… 80
4.4.3 Current level of motivation of Store Keepers……………………………………………….. 82
4.4.4 Current level of motivation of ICT Professionals………………………………………….. 84
4.4.5 Comparing/contrasting between the current motivational levels of
non-construction professionals…………………………………………………………………………… 86
4.5 Perception of Management on Effectiveness of Motivational Techniques on
the Non-construction Professionals………………………………………………………………….. 88
4.6 Professional Satisfaction and Self-actualization of Non-Construction
Professionals………………………………………………………………………….. 90
4.6.1 Professional satisfaction of non-construction professionals……………………………. 90
4.6.2 Self-actualization potentials of non-construction professionals ………………………. 91
4.6.3 Self-actualization potentials of Accountants…………………………………………………. 94
4.6.4 Self-actualization potentials of Health and Safety Professionals……………………… 94
4.6.5 Self-actualization potentials of Store Keepers………………………………………………. 97
4.6.6 Self-actualization potentials ICT Professionals…………………………………………….. 97
4.6.7 Comparing/contrasting self-actualization potentials of non-construction
professionals ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 100
4.7 Discussion of Results………………………………………………………………………………… 102
4.7.1 Factors of motivation of non-construction professionals ……………………………… 102
4.7.2 Current level of motivation of non-construction professionals……………………… 103
4.7.3 Effectiveness of motivational techniques on non-construction professionals….. 103
4.7.4 Professional satisfaction and self-actualisation of non-construction professionals …………….. 104
5.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………………. 105
5.1 Summary of Major Findings…………………………………………………………………….. 105
5.2 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 108
5.3 Recommendation …………………………………………………………………………………….. 109
5.4 Contributions to knowledge……………………………………………………………………… 110
5.5 Areas for further research ……………………………………………………………………….. 111
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………………………………………. 111
INTRODUCTION
The construction industry is a strategic industry to the national economy providing infrastructure and shelter for other economic activities to take place (Benviolent & Tirivavi, 2014).
Attar, Gupta, & Desai (2012) noted that construction is a key sector of the national economy for countries all around the world, as traditionally it takes up a big portion in the nation‟s total employment and its significant contribution to a nation‟s revenue as a whole.
The importance of the industry can never be over emphasized, in Nigeria, the industry is responsible for 16.00% of the GDP (Ayangade, Wahab, & Alake, 2009) and employs approximately 25% of Nigeria‟s workforce and the largest in Africa (Ibrahim & Musa-Haddary, 2010).
According to Usman, Inuwa, Iro, & Dantong (2012), the level of building achievement and activity in any country is a measure of the country‟s success: a high level of building activity indicates a healthy vigorous national economy, and highly developed building forms indicate a high level of civilised and cultural achievement in a country.
Against this background, the national importance of construction projects could be enhanced through adopting efficient methods of managing resources to achieve increased performance.
REFERENCES
AbdulAzeez, A. D. (2012). Development of a Prototype Electronic Document and
Record Management System (EDRMS) for Small and Medium Building Firms.
Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Department of Building, Ahmadu Bello University,
Zaria, Nigeria.
Accounting Job, (2012). Retrieved from http:www.accountingjobstoday.com/cm/Resources/job-descriptions.html
Adams, J. S. (Ed.). (1965). Inequity in Social Exchange in Advances in Experimental
Social Psychology: L. N. Brewick, Academic Press, (2), 267-300.
Adeagbo, D. O. & Kunya, S. U. (2003). Review of Waste Reduction Strategies on
Nigeria Construction Sites. ATBU Journal of Environmental Technology, 2, 49-50.
Adedokun, O. A., Ibironke, O. T., & Olanipekun, A. O. (2013). Vulnerability of
Motivating Schemes in Enhancing Site Workers Productivity for Construction
Industry‟s Sustainability in Nigeria. International Journal of Sustainable
Construction Engineering and Technology, 4 (1).
Adjei, E. A. (2009). Motivational Strategies to Improve Productivity in the Construction
Industry in Ghana. M.Sc. Thesis, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and
Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
