Assessment of Patronage of Coja 2003 Sporting Facilities and Implications for Sports Tourism in the Federal Capital City, Abuja, Nigeria
Assessment of Patronage of Coja 2003 Sporting Facilities and Implications for Sports Tourism in the Federal Capital City, Abuja, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Mega events and their impact on the development of host cities have drawn increasing interest as they have become part of a wider city development strategy.
Over the past twenty years, investment in sporting infrastructure nationally had not been focused at getting the local community involved in sport, but was instead aimed at attracting tourists, encouraging inward investment and changing the image of the city.
The study sets out to investigate the extent and pattern of patronage of the sports facilities provided for the COJA games and the implications on sports tourism development in the Federal Capital City Abuja Nigeria.
The survey was conducted to the management staffs, Sports Federations and patrons who patronize the facilities.
The study made use of questionnaire, interview and physical observation to collect data from the respondents. Questionnaires were administered within the facility.
Purposive sampling technique was adopted in administering a total of 200 questionnaires. The findings revealed that five different types of events were organized within the facilities ranging from sporting events,
religious events, political events, entertainment and educational events with the sporting events been the highest (96%).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – – ii
Certification – – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of Study – – – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of Research Problem – – – – – – – 4
1.3 Research Questions – – – – – – – – 5
1.4 Aim and Objectives – – – – – – – – 5
1.4.1 Aim – – – – – – – – – – 5
1.4.2 Objectives – – – – – – – – – 5
1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study – – – – – – 6
1.6 Justification of the Research – – – – – – – 6
1.7 Background to Study Area – – – – – – – 6
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 9
2.1 Concept of Sports Tourism – – – – – – – 9
2.2 History of Sport Tourism – – – – – – – – 10
2.3 Sport Tourism Development – – – – – – – 11
2.4 Studies on the Post-Event Phase of Mega-Sports Event Hosting – – – 12
2.4.1 Post-Event Phase – – – – – – – – 12
2.4.2 Olympic Sites and Venues – – – – – – – 13
2.5 Olympic Sporting Facilities usage after the Events – – – – 13
2.5.1 Rio de Janeiro, 2016. – – – – – – – – 13
2.5.2 Sochi, 2014. – – – – – – – – – 14
2.5.3 London, 2012. – – – – – – – – – 14
2.5.4 Vancouver, 2010 – – – – – – – – 14
2.5.5 Beijing, 2008 – – – – – – – – – 15
2.5.6 Athens, 2004 – – – – – – – – – 15
2.5.7 Sydney, 2000 – – – – – – – – – 15
2.5.8 Nagano, 1998 – – – – – – – – – 15
2.5.9 Barcelona, 1992 – – – – – – – – – 16
2.6 The Olympic Legacy and the different types of Legacies – – – 16
2.6.1 The Olympic Legacy – – – – – – – – 16
2.6.2 Economic Legacies – – – – – – – – 17
2.6.3 Spatial Legacies – – – – – – – – 18
2.6.4 Social Legacies – – – – – – – – – 18
2.7 Different Impacts of Sport Tourism – – – – – – 18
2.7.1 Economic Impacts of Sport Tourism – – – – – – 18
2.7.2 Socio-Cultural Impact of Sport Tourism – – – – – 18
2.7.3 Environmental Impact of Sport Tourism – – – – – 19
2.7.4 Sports Tourism and Social Development – – – – – 20
2.7.5 Sports Tourism and Infrastructural Development – – – – 20
2.7.6 Sports Tourism and Cultural Development – – – – – 20
2.7.7 Sports Tourism and Political Development – – – – – 21
2.8 The ALL African Games (COJA) – – – – – – 21
2.8.1 Abuja COJA 2003 – – – – – – – – 21
2.8.2 The Various Sporting Facilities – – – – – – 25
2.9 Sustainability Management of Sporting Facilities – – – – 28
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 32
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – – – – 32
3.2 Data Required and Sources – – – – – – – 32
3.3 Data Collection Instruments – – – – – – – 34
3.4 Procedure for Questionnaire Administration and Interview – – – 35
3.4.1Questionnaire Administration – – – – – – – 35
3.4.2 Interviews – – – – – – – – – 35
3.4.3 Field survey – – – – – – – – – 36
3.5 Data Analysis and Presentation – – – – – – – 37
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISSCUSION
4.0 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 38
4.10 General Classification of Patronage – – – – – – 38
4.2.0 Annual Pattern of General Patronage – – – – – – 41
4.3.0 Condition of Facilities – – – – – – – – 42
4.4.0 Analysis of Utilisation of Facilities for Sports Tourism – – – 45
4.41. General patronage for Sporting Events – – – – – – 45
4.4.1 Sports Tourism and Non-Sports Tourism Events – – – – 48
4.4.1.1 Sports Tourism Events – – – – – – – 49
4.4.1.2 Non-Sports Tourism Events – – – – – – – 51
4.4.13 Patron‟s Perception of the Facilities – – – – – – 55
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
5.1.0 Summary of Findings – – – – – – – – 57
5.2.0 Implications of Findings – – – – – – – 58
5.2.1 Implications of General Level of Patronage – – – – – 58
5.2.2 Implications of Pattern of Sports Tourism Patronage. – – – – 58
5.3.0: Recommendations – – – – – – – – 59
5.4.0: Conclusion – – – – – – – – – 61
5.6.0: Contributions to Knowledge – – – – – – 62
Suggestion for Further Studies – – – – – – – 62
References – – – – – – – – – – 63
Appendix – – – – – – – – – – 73
INTRODUCTION
Tourism to date is rated among the fastest and largest growing economic sectors in the world. The sector contributes about 9% to the global GDP and a record of US$1.075 billion is acknowledged as international tourism receipts (World Tourism Organization, 2013).
Sport is regarded as the world‟s largest social phenomenon, while tourism is predicted to become the world‟s biggest industry by the year 2020 (Kurtzman and Zauhar, 2010).
Sport is an important activity within tourism and tourism is a fundamental characteristic of sports. Sport tourism is the temporary movement of sportsmen and spectators outside their home for the purpose of active or passive participation in sporting events in a familiar or unfamiliar locality or environment.
Sports and tourism are distinct but interrelated socio-cultural events and experiences of a society. Sports unify and integrate people from different parts of the society who temporarily leave homes for active or passive participation in sports.
Higham (1999) stated that sport tourism can range from professional sports such as football, soccer, baseball, basketball and hockey,
to collegiate level and even high school level sporting events, and mega sporting events such as Olympics, the Super Bowl and World cup soccer.
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