Bilirubin in Ruminants Animal in Awotan Community, Ido Local Government, Ibadan, Oyo State
Bilirubin in Ruminants Animal in Awotan Community, Ido Local Government, Ibadan, Oyo State.
ABSTRACT
A survey was conducted in Oyo State on ethnoveterinary practice used in rural areas against parasitic diseases of ruminants.
Cattle, sheep and goats have the ability to convert plant carbohydrates and proteins into available nutrients for human use, making otherwise unusable land productive.
However, proper care of the land and its grazing animals requires a sound understanding of ruminant nutrition.
This research work provides managers with tools and references to consider biological and climatological variables and make decisions that ensure the ecological and economic viability of a grass-based ruminant livestock operation.
The result revealed the effect of bilirubin on ruminant animals both sheep and goat on the ethnoveterinary practice by the rural people of Oyo State. This article presents an overview of haematological parameters and factors affecting their values.
Blood act as a pathological reflector of the status of the exposed animals to toxicants and other conditions. The examination of blood provides the opportunity to clinically investigate the presence of metabolites and other constituents in the body of animals and it plays a vital role in the physiological, nutritional and pathological status of an animal.
Blood constituents change in relation to the physiological status of an animal. These changes are often caused by several factors; some of which are genetic and others, non- genetic. Age, sex, breed and management systems are among the factors that influence blood-based parameters of farm animals.
INTRODUCTION
Grazing animals are very important to agriculture. Of course, they provide meat, milk, and fiber. But grazing animals also can be incorporated into a crop rotation to take advantage of nutrient cycling. They can be utilized to control weeds or to harvest crop residues.
Grazing animals can also be an added source of income, diversifying farm enterprises and thereby rendering a farm more sustainable from an economic point of view.
Much of what we understand about livestock nutrition has been developed from studies and experience with confinement feeding operations, where concentrated nutrients in the form of grain, oilseed products, and harvested forages are delivered to animals in a dry lot.
These types of practices leave out many of the biological and climatologically variables that accompany grazing situations: plant species, forage stage of maturity, soil fertility and water holding capacity, annual and seasonal precipitation and mean temperature, etc.
As they plan for the nutritional needs of their grazing animals, glazier’s need to take each of these variables into consideration. This provides livestock managers with the tools and references to consider all the variables and make informed decisions that ensure the ecological and economic viability of a livestock operation.
1.1 The Value of Grassland Agriculture
Forages are plants, either wild or tame, that are consumed as livestock feed. Grasses, clovers and other forbs (broadleaf vascular plants), shrubs, and even some trees serve as forage for livestock, depending on the ecology of the region.
Arable land in the United States, or land that is capable of being cultivated, accounts for only forty-three percent of the country’s agricultural area FAO, (2002). Arable cropland can be rotated into pasture to take advantage of the soil-building characteristics of perennial grass ecosystems.
Also, perennial grasses tend to positively affect water quality by serving as buffers in riparian zones and increasing the water-holding capacity of soils. Perennial grasses and forbs as a component of annual cropping systems also help to reduce fuel and chemical use, allowing some fields to be in pasture or hayfield for several years between annual crop rotations.
Savory coined the term “brittle environment” to denote ecosystems that receive either low annual precipitation or experience unpredictable and sporadic precipitation.
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