Comparative Evaluation of the Hypotensive Effects of the Seed and Leaf Extracts of Moringa Oleifera lam (moringaceae) in Laboratory Animals
– Comparative Evaluation of the Hypotensive Effects of the Seed and Leaf Extracts of Moringa Oleifera lam (moringaceae) in Laboratory Animals –
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ABSTRACT
Moringa oleifera is locally used in Nigeria for the management of respiratory disorders, hypertension and poor blood circulation among other ailments.
However, all parts of the plant are blindly used because the exact part of this plant and / or extractive solvent that provides the best of its cardiovascular or optimum hypotensive activity has not been reported.
The phytochemical constituents of the leaf and seed extracts of Moringa oleifera were determined. The effect of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed extracts on cat blood pressure and guinea pig heart atria were investigated.
Intravenous injection of drugs and test solutions injected through the femoral vein into a cannulated artery was used to investigate effects of drugs on arterial blood pressure in male cats.
The effects of Moringa oleifera leaf and seed extracts on isolated guinea pig heart atria and on isoprenaline and Calcium chloride induced contraction, as well as interactions on specific receptor mediation (Cholinergic, Histaminergic and Adrenergic) as to elucidate the probable underlying receptor mechanism(s) involved in the actions of the extracts were also investigated.
The aqueous and methanol leaf extracts of M. oleifera contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, flavonoids, steroids and triterpenes, while anthraquinone was absent.
The methanol seed extract of M. oleifera contained carbohydrates, saponins, alkaloids, tannins and cardiac glycosides with no flavonoids, steroids and triterpenes, but its pet-ether seed extract had only carbohydrates and alkaloids.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Hypotensive Effect of Moringa oleifera Mediated through cardiovascular System
Many edible plants are reliable source of medicines in many different parts of the world and are often used both as food and drug to maintain health.
Moringa oleifera is one of these numerous exceptionally nutritious vegetable plants that is widely cultivated and claimed to be useful for the management of various ailments (Fahey, 2005; Anwar et al., 2007).
The plant Moringa oleifera has been reported to have several biologically active constituents like minerals, fatty acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins and amino acids alkaloids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, cinnamates (Bhoomika et al., 2007).
Moringa oleifera plant has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological effects including hypotensive actions (Majambu, 2012).
Various parts of this plant act as cardiac and circulatory stimulant and are highly used in the indigenous system of medicine for both high blood pressure and for poor blood circulation (Aliyu et al., 2010).
REFERENCES
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Amrutia, J., Lala, M., Srinivasa, U., Shabaraya, A.R., Moses, R.S. (2011). Anticovulsant activity of Moringa oleifera leaf. International research journal of pharmacy, 2(7), 160-162.
Anwar, F., Sayo, L., Muhammad, A., Anwarul, H. G. (2007). Moringa oleifera food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytotherapy Reasearch, 21, 17- 25.
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