Conflict-Sensitive Reporting in Northern Nigeria
– Conflict-Sensitive Reporting in Northern Nigeria –
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ABSTRACT
This study Conflict-sensitive Reporting in Northern Nigeria: A study of Select Newspaper Reportage‖ was carried out to discover how some newspapers report conflict in Northern Nigeria.
The study examined how the nature of reporting conflict can either enhance or diminish the conflict. The media is a powerful tool for shaping public opinion.
Because of the sensitive nature of conflicts, the media has to take certain considerations when reporting on conflicts. Media reports can have an impact on a brewing conflict positively or negatively.
The major objectives of the study are to: examine the extent of newspaper coverage of the conflict in Northern Nigeria determine how the coverage of the protracted conflict has been framed by the print media, and investigate the level of compliance of Nigerian newspapers with conflict sensitive journalism practice.
The study looked at reports on conflict and compared the different reports paper by paper to reveal bias, ideological leanings and emphasis given to reports on conflict in Northern Nigeria.
With the content analysis and discourse analysis, the study discovered that the attempt at conflict-sensitive reporting by these newspapers is very poor.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Contents
DECLARATION………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii
DEDICATION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………………………………. vi
CHAPTER ONE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
- Background to the Study………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.1.2 Conflicts in Northern Nigeria…………………………………………………………………………….. 10
- Statement of the Research Problem………………………………………………………………………… 14
- Objectives of the Study……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16
- Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………………………………… 16
- Scope and Limitations of the Study…………………………………………………………………………. 17
- Definition of Key Terms………………………………………………………………………………………… 18
LITERATURE REVIEW:……………………………………………………………………………………………… 20
- Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
- Media and Conflicts……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20
- Peace Journalism and Conflict-Sensitive Reporting……………………………………………………… 25
Table 1 Reporting Conflict: The low and the high By Johan Galtung:………………………………… 27
- Peace journalism and Mainstream media………………………………………………………………… 28
2.1.5… Media and Development in Conflict Situations……………………………………………………. 40
- Parties to conflict……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 48
- Stages of conflict…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 49
- Agenda setting theory:……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 52
- Critique of the Agenda Setting Theory……………………………………………………………………. 54
- Social Responsibility Theory……………………………………………………………………………………….. 55
- Critique of the Social Responsibility Theory:…………………………………………………………… 57
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………… 59
- Research Methods……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 59
- Description of study……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 60
- Data Gathering Process………………………………………………………………………………………… 61
- Primary Data source…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 61
3.5.2 Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)……………………………………………………………………… 62
3.4.3 Interviews……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 66
- Population and Sampling…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 66
- Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 67
CHAPTER FOUR…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 68
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS………………………………………………………………….. 68
- Introduction:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 68
- Conflicts Studied:……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 68
- Interview with Newspaper Editors………………………………………………………………………… 123
- Content Analysis on Newspaper report on conflict in Northern Nigeria:…………………. 127
CHAPTER FIVE…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 145
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………………………………….. 145
- Summary:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 145
- Weaknesses of the study:…………………………………………………………………………………………… 151
- Conclusion:………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 152
- Recommendations:………………………………………………………………………………………………. 153
Appendices………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 166
Newspaper References……………………………………………………………………………………………… 166
CONTENT ANALYSIS CODE SHEET 177
Background of the Study
Human beings as superior animals, claim to be the sole possessors of logic, rationale and conscience.
Humans are expected to resolve their differences and establish justice for sustaining peace, harmony and tranquility since they have brains that are superior to that of other animals.
The potential for conflict occurs whenever two or more people have contact with each other.
Conflicts occur within a family, a group a community within and between different groups and within and between nations.
Often people assume that conflict is abnormal and bad. However, conflict is a normal and unavoidable part of all relationships and societies.
It is even essential for the healthy functioning of a relationship or social group, because conflict allows people to adapt to new situations and invent new approaches to problems.
REFERENCES
Anonymous (2006). Conflict and Development: Peacebuilding and Post–conflict Reconstruction. House of Commons International DevelopmentCommittee London: Sixth Report of Session 2005–06
Anonymous (2003). Conflict Sensitive Journalism: A Handbook. IMS and IMPACS. Copenhagen, Denmark, PP3- 4-7
Anonymous (1997) From Early Warning to Early Action: European Conference on Conflict Prevention. A report. Amsterdam, the Netherlands. P7
Abdu, H. (2004). Religion and citizenship in Northern Nigeria: The Politics of Shari‘ah.Unpublished Centre for Development Research and Advocacy. P 23
Adamu, L.S. (2012) Sociological Analysis of the Reportage of the Ethno-religious Crisis in Plateau State Nigeria. Unpublished Dissertation. Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria
Allan, S. and Zelizer, B. (2002). ―Rules of Engagement: Journalism and War‖ in Reporting War: Rutledge, London and New York. P124
