Design, Implementation and Simulation of Prepaid Meter, Theft Monitoring System with SMS Alert
Design, Implementation and Simulation of Prepaid Meter, Theft Monitoring System with SMS Alert.
ABSTRACT
A prepaid meter monitoring system with SMS alert is designed simulated and constructed using microcontroller to achieve a unique transmission of SMS messages to designated mobile phone numbers. The work is a response to the need to checkmate commercial energy losses in utility electrical distribution system.
The system utilizes a normally open micro-switch incorporated into the monitoring system to detect when the prepaid meter cover is opened.
The system triggers a series of actions which eventually lead to the sending of an SMS alert message to the GSM mobile phones at the commercial unit of the utility Electricity Distribution Company which contains the meter number and address where the tamper/theft originates.
The system also triggers an alarm system to alert the individual within the vicinity that an intruder has tampered with the meter in order to commit fraud/energy theft. The system utilizes the existing GSM networks and protocols through the modem interface.
When the messages are sent to the designated mobile phones the messages are also retained at the memory card interfaced to the modem which can be retrieved when the need arises.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Declaration ii
Certification iii
Acknowledgement iv
Dedication v
Table of contents vi
List of table x
List of figures xi
Symbols and abbreviations xiii
Abstract xvi
CHAPTER ONE Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Electricity Theft Mechanisms 4
1.3 Causes of Electricity Theft
1.4 Existing Ways of Tackling Electricity Theft 7
1.5 Electricity Theft Identification In Distribution System 9
1.6 Aims and Objectives 15
1.7 Justification of the Study 15
1.8 Scope of the Study 15
1.9 Limitations of the Study 16
CHAPTER TWO Literature Review
2.1 Related Works On Power Theft Identification 17
CHAPTER THREE Methodology
3.1 Simulation 23
3.2 Construction 25
3.3 The Design Circuits 25
3.4 Power Supply Unit 26
3.5 Battery Charging Unit 33
3.6. The Normally Open Micro-Switch 36
3.6.1 Detection System 36
3.7 Transistor Driver 39
3.8 Transfer Function of the Output Filter 42
3.9 Microcontroller 43
3.9.1 Pin Description of the AT89C52 Microcontroller 45
3.9.2 The Ports Description of AT89C52 46
3.9.3 Instruction Set of the AT89C52 Microcontroller 48
3.9.4 Software Algorithm 49
3.9.5 Serial Communication in Microcontroller 49
3.10 The Wireless Communication System 50
3.10.1 Short Message Service (SMS) Principle 51
3.10.2 The Working Principles of SMS 52
- Short Message Service Center (SMSC) 54
- Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC) 54
3.10.5 SMS Network Cellular Components 55
3.10.6 SMS Subscriber Services 57
3.11 GSM Modem Type 57
3.11.1 Communication with GSM Modem 57
3.11.2 GSM USB Cable 58
CHAPTER FOUR SYSTEM OPERATION, TESTING AND RESULTS
4.1 System Circuit Diagram 60
4.2 The Functions of the Components in the System Circuit Diagram 62
4.3 Results and Discussions 66
4.4 The simulation Tests carried out 67
4..4.1 No Theft Condition 67
4.4.2 Theft Condition 77
4.4.3 The Transistor Switching Time under Theft and on no Theft Conditions 89
4.4.4 The Transfer Function Magnitude and Phase Plot 91
4.5 Hardware Implementation 94
4.6 Completed Packaging of the Prepaid Meter Monitoring System 95
4.7 GSM Mobile Phone at Customer Unit of Utility Electricity Distribution Center 96
4.8 Validation the Results 97
CHAPTER FIVE Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1 Summary 102
5.2 Conclusion 103
5.3 Recommendation 104
References 106
Appendixes 113
INTRODUCTION
(Sule, 2010), described Power System as a network that provides regions, Industries and homes with electrical energy. He also stated that electricity generation, transmission and distribution are three stages of delivering electricity to consumers.
This power system is known as the grid and can be broadly divided into the generators that supply the power, the transmission system that carries the power from the generating centers to the load centers and the distribution system that feeds the power to nearby homes and industries.
The distribution system is a part of power systems which is dedicated to delivering electrical energy to the end user. The planning and the design of electrical supply system are everyday task for engineers in the electric utilities companies.
REFERENCES
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Damian, O. D., Uchechukwu, A. O., Euphemia, C. N. and Blessing, C. D. (2015). Minimizing Household Electricity Theft in Nigeria Using GSM Based Prepaid Meter. American Journal of Engineering Research, 138(1), 59-69.
Dey, H. S, Munzurul M.N, Shahadat M.L, Ahamed A.A, Ahamed S. U and Arefin, F. S (2010).Design and Implementation of a Novel Protection Device to Prevent Tampering and Electricity Theft in Commercial. Energy Meters. Journal of Cases on Information Technology, 2(1), 88-94.
Kalaivani, R.H, Gowthami M.M, Savitha S.B, Karthick N.N and Mohanvel S.S (2014). GSM Based Electricity Theft Identification in Distribution Systems. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 1(5), 512-516.
