Effect of Balancing Work Obligations and Family Responsibilities Among Working Women in Jos Metropolis
Effect of Balancing Work Obligations and Family Responsibilities Among Working Women in Jos Metropolis.
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study was to investigate balancing work obligation and family responsibilities. Five objectives and five research questions were formulated, with five related Null hypotheses. Also related literatures were reviewed for this study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population for the study was drawn from five working organizations in Jos south, Jos east and Jos north Local Government Areas in Plateau state.
The population consisted of six thousand, nine hundred and forty (6,940) working women. Samples for the study was three hundred and fifty (350) women selected using proportional sampling technique. The instrument used for the collection of data was the questionnaire. The data collected were statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), standard deviation, t-test, and mean statistics. The null hypotheses were statistically tested at significant level of 0.05.
The Null hypotheses one, three and four were tested with analysis of variance (ANOVA) while null hypotheses two and five were tested using paired sample t-test. It was observed that the null Hypotheses one, two and three were rejected, while null hypotheses, four and five were accepted. The results obtained from the study revealed that mothers who failed to balance up their family and work responsibilities faced the problem of losing their family members including husbands and children.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page . . . . . . . . . i
Declaration . . . . . . . . . ii
Certification. . . . . . . . . iii
Dedication . . . . . . . . . iv
Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . v-vi
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . vii
List of Tables . . . . . . . . viii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study . . . . . . 1
1.2 Statement of the problem . . . . . . 6
1.3 Objectives of the study . . . . . . 9
1.4 Research questions . . . . . . . 9
1.5 Research hypotheses . . . . . . 10
1.6 Significance of the study . . . . . . 10
1.7 Basic assumptions of the study . . . . . 11
1.8 Delimitation of the study . . . . . . 12
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Concept of work obligation and family responsibilities – 13
2.1.1 Concept of family and family responsibilities. . – 15
2.2 Concept of home and the home maker . . . 16
2.3.1 Fatigue as it Relates to Activities in the home –
and work place . . . . . . 18
2.3.2 The components of the home maker in relation to work. -26
2.3.3 The temporal components of the home maker
in relation to her work . . . . . 27
2.3.4 The Affective Component of the home maker in relation
to her work . . . . . . . 29
2.4 Changing roles of Women . . . . . 30
2.5 Effects of mothers absence on family members . 32
2.6 How office work affects the health of a woman . 35
2.6.1 The effect of work Breast and Posture . . . 36
2.6.2 Balancing work and family healthcare . . 37
2.7 Balancing work and family responsibilities . . 40
2.7.1 Balancing work obligation and Family Responsibilities:
Effects on the family . . . . . 42
2.8 Balancing work and paid work: Gender base quality – 43
2.9 The relationship between government employed and –
self employed home makers on home keeping and effectiveness 47
2.9.1 The benefit of Balance . . . . . . 50
2.11 Strategies to cope with work obligation and family responsibilities 51
2.12 Empirical Studies . . . . . . 58
2.13 Summary of the reviewed literature . . . . 66
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design . . . . . . . 70
3.2 Population for the study . . . . . . 70
3.3 Sample size and Sampling procedure . . . . 72
3.4 Instrument for Data Collection . . . . . 74
3.4.1 Validity of Research Instrument . . . . 75
3.4.2 Pilot study . . . . . . . . 75
3.4.3 Reliability of the Instrument . . . . – 76
3.5 Procedure for Data Collection . . . . . 77
3.6 Procedure for Data Analysis . . . . . 77
CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION
4.1 Analysis of demographic characteristics of the subjects . 77
4.2 Testing of Null hypotheses . . . . . 93
4.3 Discussion of findings. . . . . . . 102
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary . . . . . . . . 107
5.2 Summary of major findings – – – – – 108
5.3 Conclusion . . . . . . . . 110
5.4 Recommendations . . . . . . . 111
5.5 Implication of home management . . . . 113
5.7 Suggestion of further study . . . . . 114
REFERENCES . . . . . . . 116
APPENDIX I . . . . . . . 125
INTRODUCTION
Historically, women have played diverse roles such as house wives, homemakers as well as mother’s in-charge of the operations of their homes. In the past, the women’s position was restricted to the home and she accepted her place (home) and modeled her life accordingly. (Perimuter and Hall, 1985). Women, by biological constitution have been recognized as mothers and nurtures of children.
They plan and cook meals and also take care of the house, thus they occupy a central position in determining the quality of life the house holds and the community (Titilayo, 2000). Traditionally, women were regarded as child bearers whose activities were usually limited to the home. As home makers, their responsibilities prevented their active involvement in work outside the home.
This situation makes father (husband) the family chief providers. However with social challenges of expansion and development, women have deviated from their traditional roles to seek education, occupation and remunerated work to establish some degree of economic security in the home. (Osagie, 1994) The number of women now taking employment outside the home has increased rapidly.
A research study by Diale (2000) revealed that working women were found in the service of industries like nursing, teaching, secretarial works, military, banking and beauty industrial. In the beginning, women worked in the farms, served their men folks, procreated and slaved for their children and died in the process. Many of those who lived led a life of poverty and illiteracy and were on lookers to the affairs of the community and nation (Hutjes and Feldman, 2001).
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