Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin Effect on the Antimalarial Activity of some Antimalarial Drugs in Plasmodium Berghei Infected Mice
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Abstract
Background: Previous animal studies have shown that ciprofloxacin has effect on the antimalarial activity of some antimalarials.
Presently in Nigeria, combination of ciprofloxacin and ACTs are commonly prescribed in the treatment of malaria and enteric fever co-infection.
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of ciprofloxacin on the antimalarial activity of Artesunate, Artemether-lumefantrine and Artesunate-amodiaquine using mice model.
Methods: One hundred and twenty mice infected with chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK65 strain were used for this study.
The study was carried out in three phases. Phase 1 consisted of AS, AL, ASAQ and CIP treatment groups, the Artesunate (AS) treatment group consisted of three treatment subgroups of four mice per group treated with 3, 6 and 12 mg/kg doses respectively;
Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) treatment group consisted of three treatment subgroups of four mice per group treated with 16, 32 and 64 mg/kg doses respectively;
Artemether-amodiaquine (ASAQ) treatment group consisted of three treatment subgroups of four mice per group 11, 22 and 44 mg/kg doses respectively, and Ciprofloxacin (CIP1&2) subgroups treated with 7 and 14 mg/kg doses respectively.
Phase II consisted of groups of mice treated with 7 mg/kg ciprofloxacin (CIP1) combined with different doses of Artesunate, Artemether-lumefantrine, Artesunate-amodiaquine as used in phase 1 respectively.
Introduction
Background of Study
Drug interactions have been recognized for over 100 years. With the increasing availability of complex and highly effective therapeutic agents and widespread poly-pharmacy, the rate of drug interactions has become so enormous with associated adverse reactions.
The risk of drug interactions has been reported to increase from approximately 6% in patients taking only two medications to 50% in those taking five medications and 100% in those taking 10 medications (Khan et al, 2011).
Drug interaction occurs when the pharmacokinetics and/or the pharmacodynamics of a drug are altered by the presence of another drug, food, drink, or herb (Esimone, 2011).
Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adults, especially in developing countries, and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions (Breman et al, 2004; WHO, 2010).
In 2002, more than 2 billion people in the world and 521 million in Africa were at risk of malaria (Snow et al, 2005).
According to Ughasoro et al (2013), in Nigeria, malaria accounts for approximately 40% of hospital admissions and 30% of mortalities.
Approximately one million deaths among children under 5 years old are attributed to malaria alone or in combination with other diseases (WHO, 2009).
References
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