Extraction of Lignin From Cocoa Pod Husk (Theobroma Cacao)
Extraction of Lignin From Cocoa Pod Husk (Theobroma Cacao).
INTRODUCTION
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) fruits are an important commodity of economic value since the seeds or beans are used to produce high-demand products such as cocoa powder, butter, and chocolate.
The processing of cocoa fruits generates a large amount of cocoa pod husk discard as wastes (Alemawor et al., 2009).
Cocoa pod husk represents between 70 to 75% of the whole cocoa fruit weight where each ton of cocoa fruit will produce between 700 to 750 kg of cocoa pod husks (Cruz et al., 2012).
In Malaysia, the plantation of cocoa is over 20,643 hectares (Malaysia Koko Board, 2011). Hence, it can be estimated at least 320,000 kg of cocoa pod husk is generated after processing.
Conventionally, these organic wastes are shipped away for processing or disposed to landfill. These large quantities of cocoa pod husk could yield a large number of fibrous materials which might be suitable as alternative resources, especially in pulp and paper making industries.
In order to maximize the utilization of organic wastes or non-wood fibers for pulp and paper production, a complete study of their chemical and morphological properties is required.
In this context, the main objective of this work is to investigate the chemical compositions of cassava peels and cacao pod husks fiber used for the pulp and papermaking industry.
In addition, characterization of surface morphology in both non-wood fibers was also determined. The results obtained in this study could be utilized in assessing the agricultural wastes potential as raw materials for pulp and paper production industries.
Lignin found in cacao is high complex macromolecule linked together by different types of bonds, including alkyl-aryl, alkyl-alkyl, and aryl-aryl ether bonds (Kumar et al., 2011).
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CSN Team.
