The Effect of Contaminant on the Flow of Water Based Mud
– The Effect of Contaminant on the Flow of Water Based Mud –
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INTRODUCTION
The drilling of oil and gas well is a high risk and challenging venture with some associated problems. Despite the challenges, Wells are still being drilled to meet up with the escalating demand for oil and gas.
It is the aim of every field operator to get the oil or gas from the reservoir rock to the surface production facilities in a safe and cost effective way thereby maximize profit by reducing the cost of drilling the required number of wells to drain the reservoir fluid.
Drilling mud is very important to both rotary and directional drilling processes: Although most oil and gas wells drilled nowadays use rotary drilling technique. Without drilling muds and their additives, corporations would find it difficult if not impossible to drill for oil and gas and we would hardly have any of the fuels and lubricants considered essential for modern industrial civilization.
Basically, drilling mud is a mixture of water, clays, special minerals and chemicals called additives.
Drilling mud can also be in non-aqueous form usually called oil based mud (OHM) and in gaseous phase called gaseous drilling fluid, in which a wide range of gases can be used. A successful drilling operation requires enhanced quality of drilling mud with well formulated properties that will enable them to perform creditably during drilling operations.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page………………………………………………………………. i
Declaration……………………………………………………………… ii
Certification…………………………………………………………….. iii
Table of Content………………………………………………………… iv
List of Tables……………………………………………………………. v
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction……………………………………………………….. 1
1.1 Background of Study……………………………………………… 1
1.2 Function of a Drilling Mud………………………………………… 2
1.3 Drilling Muds Compositions……………………………………….. 3
1.4 Drilling Mud Contaminant…………………………………………. 4
1.4.1 Salt Contamination…………………………………………………. 5
1.4.2 Carbonate/Bicarbonate Contamination…………………………….. 5
1.4.3 Anhydrite-Gypsum Contamination…………………………………. 6
1.4.4 Cement Contamination……………………………………………… 6
1.4.5 Calcium/Magnesium Contamination………………………………. 7
1.5 Statement of Problem……………………………………………….. 7
1.6 Objective of Study………………………………………………….. 8
1.7 Significance of Study……………………………………………….. 8
1.8 Scope of Study………………………………………………………. 9
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review…………………………………………………………. 10
CHAPTER THREE
Materials and Methods…………………………………………………….. 15
3.1 Methods……………………………………………………………… 15
3.2 Equipment…………………………………………………………… 16
3.3 Materials…………………………………………………………….. 16
References……………………………………………………………. 20
REFERENCE
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Basirat B, Vipulanandan C., Richardson D. (2013): Proceedings of THC-IT Conference & Ehibition.
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Fosse, S. W., Tina, M., Frigand, 1. A., and Crawshaw, J. P. (2000): “Viscous Pill Design Methodology Leads to Increased Cement Plug Success Rate; Application and Case Studies from Southern Algeria”, SPE 62752 presented at the IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Hassiba, KJ. and Amani, M. (2013): The Effect of Salinity on the Rheological Properties of Water Based Mud under High Pressures and Temperatures for Drilling Offshore and Deep Wells Earth Science Research; Vol. 2, l.
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Jamal asser, Anna Jesil, Tariq Mohiuddin, Majid Al Ruqeshi, Geetha Davi, Shahjahan Mohataram (2013): Experimental Investigation of Drilling Fluid Performance as Nanoparticles. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering, 2013, 3, 57 -6l.
Kumapayi Yomi, Bello Kelani, Adekomaya Olufcmi Akintola Abidemi, Dala Joshua, Mohammed Ismail, Olafuyi Olakckan (2014): Investigating the Effects of Contaminants on the performance of Oil Based Inverted Emulsion Drilling Fluid, Petroleum Technology Development Journal. Vol. 2, pp 60-74.
Magcobar, D. (1997): Drilling Fluid Engineering Manual. M-I L.L.C.
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CSN Team.