WAEC Health Education Syllabus 2021/2022 | See Concentrated Topics Here
– WAEC Health Education Syllabus –
WAEC Health Education Syllabus 2021 is Out: The Health Education 2021/2022 West African Examination Council (WAEC) Syllabus is aiming at preparing candidates for the Board’s examination.
Below is the 2021/2022 academic year WAEC syllabus for Health Education Both for Internal and External student.
PREAMBLE
We draw this examination syllabus from the Senior School Health Education curriculum and directed towards empowering students to have correct, adequate and timely information that will make them gain attitude and practices which will restore, maintain and promote positive health.
Since Health Education is skill-based and involves knowledge, belief, attitude and practices, evidence of involvement in practical work will be determined through practical test.
It is therefore, essential that the examination syllabus is used in conjunction with the Teaching curriculum.
OBJECTIVES
This examination syllabus assesses the extent to which candidates have been able to:
- gain basic knowledge of the human body and necessary skills for maintenance of health;
- gain positive health practices in the school and community;
- identify and show the ecological relationship between man and his environment as a basis for preventing diseases;
- make observations and draw inferences from practical experiences that may have implications for health;
- develop readiness necessary for professional training in health related careers.
SCHEME OF EXAMINATION
There will be three papers – Papers 1, 2, and 3, all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 will be a composite paper to be taken at one sitting.
PAPER 1 – This will comprise fifty multiple choice objective questions, all of which must be taken in 1hour for 50 marks.
PAPER 2 – This will comprise two sections, Sections A and B.
Section A will comprise six short-structured questions, which you must answer all of which for 30 marks.
Section B will comprise three essay questions out of which they will require candidates to answer two questions for 40 marks. The paper will last 1 hour.
PAPER 3 – Will be a practical test for school candidates and an alternative test of practical work for private candidates. The paper will last for 1¾ hours and carry 80 marks.
DETAILED SYLLABUS
CONTENTS | NOTES |
A. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH EDUCATION 1. Meaning and setting for health Education. (a) Meaning (b) Setting:
(c) Meaning of health promotion.
(b) Cell division:
(c) Cell differentiation:
CONTENTS
3. Systems of the Body |
Students should visit to observe community, health facility and work place base, health education programmes and services. Structure of a typical animal cell and functions of its parts should be discussed. Differences between mitosis and meiosis should be emphasized. Mention should be made of epithelial, connective and muscular tissue, an organ and a system should be explained. (1) Differences between growth and development should be emphasized. (2) Factors that affect growth and development should be discussed. Accommodation should be discussed. Process of hearing and balancing should be discussed A chart/model of a human skeleton should be examined. Types of bones that make up the mammalian skeleton should be identified. (1) Emphasis should be on synovial joint. (2) Location of the different types of joint should be identified. (3) Specific examples should be used to illustrate the classes of levers. The three different types of muscles should be discussed in relation to their functions. Reference should be made to origin and insertion of muscles in relation to movement. NOTES Candidates should examine the heart of a dissected mammal. Pulse rate should be counted. The web of a toad/frog should be examined with a hand lens to observe the capillaries. The importance of lymph nodes should be mentioned. Prepared slides of blood should be observed under microscope. Pulmonary and systemic circulation should be emphasized. The relevance of these factors in relation to blood transfusion should be mentioned. (1) Heredity aspect of sickle cell andhaemophilia should be discussed. (2) Prevention of anaemia and arteriosclerosis should be discussed. Candidates should examine the alimentary canal of a dissected mammal.The location and function of accessory organs of digestion should be emphasized. Digestive enzymes should be discussed in relation to substrates and end-product. NOTES (1) Mentioned should be made of tissue respiration in relation to metabolism. (2) Osmosis and diffusion should be demonstrated and their importance in absorption should be emphasized. Importance of proper eating habits and the effects of over-eating and under-eating should be discussed. (1) Candidates should examine the parts of the urinary system of a dissected mammal. (2) Candidates should examine prepared slides of the skin under the microscope. Reference should be made to the excretory functions of the lungs. The use of dialysis machine for kidney failure should be mentioned. Candidates should examine the respiratory organs of a dissected mammals. Experiment to demonstrate the inhalation and exhalation of air should be performed. Total, compIemental and residual air should be explained. Experiment to show that expired air contains more carbon dioxide and water vapour should be performed. NOTES The brain, spinal cord and nerves should be discussed. The reflex arc should be studied. (1) Characteristics of endocrine glands should mentioned. (2) Charts/models should be used to study the location of the glands. (3) The effects of over- and under – secretion of hormones should be emphasized. (1) Body temperature, blood sugar level, water balance, electrolytes balance, pH and blood pressure should be highlighted. (2) Candidates should test urine with litmus paper and also, count pulse rate. (3) Mention should be made of the positive and negative feed back control system. Posture should be related to the following: sitting; standing; walking and lifting. The roles of nutrition and exercise as determinants of correct posture should be discussed. (1) The causes of postural defects e.g. habits, accidents, heredity and diseases should be discussed. NOTES (2) The roles of orthopaedichospital and physiotherapy unit in the correction of postural defect should be mentioned. Care of body parts including the teeth, mouth, hair, hands and nails should be discussed. The use of snellen chart for vision screening should be mentioned. The roles of eye specialist in the correction of the defects should be discussed. Otitis media should be mentioned The use of tuning fork; audiometer, guitar strings and wrist watch in auditory screening should be mentioned. Also, mention should be made of the sign language. NOTES Structure and functions of the different types of teeth should be discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of traditional medicine should be mentioned. Awareness campaign should be discussed. Both physical and biological environment should be discussed. |
3.
Family health |
Antenatal care, immunization, oral rehydration therapy (ORT), breast feeding and safe motherhood should be discussed. Candidates should be able to define epidemiology, vital statistics and population dynamics. The importance and use of health records should be stressed. Effects of poor sanitation and pest infestation in home should be discussed. Effects of substandard housing on health should be discussed. Sources should include rain, borehole, rivers, streams, springs, well pond, pipe borne water Advantages and disadvantages of each method should be discussed. |
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(c) Meaning and sources of pollutants.
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
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The need for health care and rehabilitation should be discussed. The need for health insurance schemes should be stressed. Students should be able to identify to differentiate between pests and vectors. Tests for starch, simple and complex sugars, proteins and fats should be carried out. Local example of sources of food nutrients should be mentioned. Caloric needs in relations to age, occupation and health condition should be discussed. Food deficiency diseases should be emphasized. Factors responsible for unbalanced diet and effects associated with poor diet should be discussed. Factors should include: availability, religion education, age, belief, health condition and cost The role of water in relation to nutrition should be discussed. Negative and positive effects should be stressed. Nutritional value of non-alcoholic beverages should be stressed. Charts should be used to show diets for the different groups of people. |
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CONTENTS |
NOTES |
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(b) Birth control methods (c) Safe motherhood 5. Population Education (a) Meaning of population and population education. (b) Census and its problems (c) Small and large population K. EMOTIONAL AND SOCIAL HEALTH 1. Interrelationship 2. Attributes: (a) Definition of personality and personality traits (b) Personality problems and solution 3. Mental health: (a) Definition (b) Promotion (c) Types and prevention (d) Importance L. CONSUMER HEALTH EDUCATION 1. Consumer health products and services 2. Laws protecting the consumer |
Candidates should be able to distinguish between family planning and safe motherhood. Candidates should be able to distinguish between population and census. Advantages of accurate census should be discussed. Meaning and the interrelationship between emotional health and social health should be discussed. The attributes of emotional and social health should be discussed. Candidates should be able to identify personal problems and proffer solutions. Candidates should be able to state factors that promote mental health. Types, causes prevention and management of mental health should be discussed. Importance of mental and social health should be discussed. 1. The importance of checking label expiry dates on products before purchase should be highlighted. Various agencies promoting consumers health should be discussed. Mention features of genuine products and services |
CONTENTS |
NOTES |
3. Factors influencing choice of consumer products; Authencity; cost; availability; accessibility; availability and advertisement. 4. Consumer health care services 5. Quacks and quackery meaning and types 6. Health insurance and advertisement of health products and services 7. Nostrum: (a) Definition and types (b) Reasons for avoiding nostrum. |
Various types of health services: traditional medicine, orthodox medicine, alternative methods of healing (acupuncture, yoga and faith healing) should be discussed. 1. Different types of quackery such as mechanical, electrical, drug and cosmetic and medical quackery should be discussed 2. The danger of quacks and quackery should be highlighted. 1. Meaning and importance of health insurance 2. State of health insurance 3. Advertisement of health products and consumer services. Types should include: (1) Health tonic; (2) Miracle substances; (3) Magic portions; (4) Amulets and talisman. |
Materials needed in Health Education Laboratory/Examination
- Models of various organs of the body;
- Models of various parts of the body e.g. tooth;
- Human skeleton;
- Bones of the body;
- Contraceptive devices;
- Reagents for testing of starch, protein, fat;
- Road safety signs;
- Different types of safety elements;
- Posters/charts of systems of the body e.g. reproductive, digestive, excretory;
- First aid box and kits;
- Fire extinguisher;
- Sand bucket;
- Photographs of health facilities and workers e.g. doctors , nurses, dentist at work;
- Photographs of methods of sewage and refuse disposals;
- Microscope
- Stethoscope
- Preserved worms;
- Preserved pests and vectors
- Photographs/posters of various types of communicable and non-communicable diseases;
- Model/poster showing parts of the body;
- Materials for personal hygiene e.g. toothpaste, comb, toothbrush;
- Dissecting set
- Photographs/posters of accident scenes;
- Photographs/posters showing methods of food preservation
- Photographs/posters showing disaster scenes;
- Safety;
- Photographs/posters of drugs commonly misused/abused
- Tobacco products;
- Hand lens;
- Real objects/photographs/poster/charts of classes of food;
- Photographs/posters showing correct postures
- Photographs/posters showing postural abnormalities;
- Poster/real object of sphygmomanometer, thermometer, litmus paper snellen chart.
CSN TEAM.