Abundance of Mosquito Species within Sokoto Metropolis
Abundance of Mosquito Species within Sokoto Metropolis.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted to determine the abundance of mosquito species within the Sokoto metropolis. Three (3) locations, which are Danbuwa, Gobirawa and GidanIgwai, in three (3) Local Government Areas, namely; DangeShuni, Sokoto South and Sokoto North Local Government Areas respectively, were sampled out of the five (5) Local Government Areas that make up Sokoto Metropolis were sampled.
A total of 341 Mosquitoes species belonging to two genera were collected. The genera identified are Anopheles and Culex. The number of Culex and Anopheles was 213(62.5%) and 128(37.5%) respectively, showing a significant difference between the two genera.
The total number of males was 194, representing 56.9% of the sample and a total number of females was 147, representing 43.1% of the total sample, showing a significant difference between the gender (P >0.05)
The total number of the engorged Mosquitoes collected were 57, representing 39% of the total sample, while the total number of the not engorged mosquitoes collected were 90, representing 61% of the total sample collected. There was no significant difference between the engorged and the not engorged mosquitoes P <0.05.
The number of males recorded in the Danbuwa area was more than the number of females. In the Gobirawa area also, more males than females were recorded. Also in the GidanIgwai area, the number of males recorded was more than the number of females. However, these values were insignificant (p<0.05).
Finally, only Danbuwa had more number of engorged females than the not engorged, the other two areas had a lesser number of engorged than the not engorged.
The values were, however, also insignificant (p<0.05). The results of the study are of Public Health concern as the species of mosquitoes encountered have been known for the transmission of one form of disease or the other.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Pages
Title Page …. i
Certification ……. ii
Dedication ……. iii
Acknowledgment. iv
Table of content …. v
List of tables …. vii
Abstract ……. viii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction…………. 1
1.1 Statement of the research problem…….. 3
1.2 Significance of the research………… 4
1.3 Aim and objectives of the research …….. 5
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Review of literature…… 6
2.1 Classification of mosquitoes……… 6
2.2 Morphology of mosquitoes……. 7
2.3 General life cycle of mosquito……… 10
2.4 Feeding habits of mosquitoes……. 14
2.5 Economic importance of mosquitoes…… 17
2.6 Control of mosquitoes . 18
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and method …. 23
3.1 Study area ……. 23
3.2 Mosquito collection …… 24
3.3 Identification …… 24
3.4 Statistical analysis … 27
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results…… 28
4.1 General results …….28
4.2 Results of mosquitoes collected by location 33
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Discussion ………………………………………………………….. 38
5.1 Conclusion ………………………………………………………….. 40
5.2 Recommendation …………………………………………………… 41
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………….. 42
INTRODUCTION
Mosquitoes are slender and relatively small insects, usually measuring about 3– 6 mm in length. Some species, however, can be as small as 2 mm while others may be as long as 19 mm (Service, 2008). The long antennae have numerous whorls of hair, short in the female and long and bushy in the male.
In most species of mosquitoes, the mouthparts of the female are long, adapted for piercing and for sucking blood. The male, which feeds on nectar and water, has rudimentary mouthparts. Females of this group prefer the blood of warm-blooded animals. When they bite, they inject some of their salivary fluid into the wound, causing swelling and irritation.
Many inject infectious microorganisms and thus transmit such diseases as malaria, yellow fever, dengue, and filariasis (Patel et al, 2012).
There are some 3300 species of mosquitoes belonging to 41 genera, all contained in the family Culicidae (Service, 2008). This family is divided into three subfamilies: Toxorhynchitinae, Anophelinae (anophelines), and Culicinae (culicines).
Mosquitoes have a worldwide distribution; they occur throughout the tropical and temperate regions and extend their range northwards into the Arctic Circle. The only areas from which they are absent are Antarctica and a few islands. They are found at elevations of 5500mand down mines at depths of 1250m below sea level (Service, 2008).
REFERENCES
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