The Effect Of Different Enzyme Substrates On The Performance Of Broilers Fed Peeled Cassava Root Meal (PCRM) Based Diet
The Effect Of Different Enzyme Substrates On The Performance Of Broilers Fed Peeled Cassava Root Meal (PCRM) Based Diet.
ABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of using two different enzyme substrates on the performance of broilers fed peeled cassava root meal (PCRM), in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design experiment.
One hundred and eighty-nine broiler chicks aged 14 days were assigned to nine experimental diets where PCRM replaced maize at 0, 50 and 75 percent levels.
The diets were formulated to be roughly isonitrogenous and isoenergetic containing starter (15-36 days; 24% CP, 2800 Kcal/kg-1 ME) and finisher (37-58 days; 21% CP, 2800 Kcal/kg-1 ME) and 200ppm of enzyme (Nutrase xyla and Roxazyme G) were added to the diets.
Results indicated that Nutrase xyla and Roxazyme G supplementation increased ADFI in the starter and finisher phases at all levels of PCRM inclusion (P<0.05). The effect of nutrase xyla and roxazyme G supplementation on FCR was positively significant in the finisher phase (P<0.05).
Roxazyme G supplemented diet at 50% PCRM had the best least cost value in terms of feed cost per kg weight gain. There was an increase in dressed weight percentage in nutrase xyla and roxazyme G supplemented diets at 50% PCRM (P<0.05).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page — — — — — — — — — i
Certification — — — — — — — — — ii
Dedication — — — — — — — — — iii
Acknowledgement — — — — — — — — iv
Abstract — — — — — — — — — v
Table of Contents — — — — — — — — vi
List of Tables– — — — — — — — — viii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Study objectives — — — — — — — 5
1.2 Justification of the study — — — — — — 5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW — — — — 6
2.1 Utilization of cassava in Poultry feeding — — — 6
2.1.1 Nutritive status of Peeled Cassava Root Meal — — 9
2.1.2 Limitations to the use of cassava in poultry feeds — — 10
2.1.3 Overcoming the Limitations — — — — — 12
2.1.4 Peeled cassava root meal in broiler nutrition — — 15
2.2 Commercial enzymes supplementation in Broiler Nutrition 17
2.2.1 Economic impacts of commercial enzymes — — — 19
2.2.2 Flexibility of low cost diets formulation — — — 19
2.2.3 Higher nutrient digestibility and better poultry performance
of commercial enzymes — — — — — 21
2.2.4 Improvement on litter quality — — — — — 22
2.2.5 Commercial enzymes’ improvement on birds’ health — 23
2.2.6 Environmental impacts of exogenous enzymes utilization on
poultry feeding — — — — — — — 23
CHAPTER THREE:MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Location — — — — — — — — 27
3.2 Materials — — — — — — — — 27
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
4.1 Average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers fed different levels of
PCRM diets with different enzyme substrates — — — 33
4.2 Average daily weight gain (ADWG) of broilers fed different
levels of PCRM diets with different enzyme substrates — 36
4.7.5 Carcass quality — — — — — — — 54
4.7.6 Nutrient retention — — — — — — — 54
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary — — — — — — — — 56
5.2 Conclusion — — — — — — — — 57
5.3 Recommendation — — — — — — — 57
References — — — — — — — — 58
INTRODUCTION
A serious competition exists between the feed industry and other channels in the food chain (especially man) over conventional feed ingredients such as maize and soyabean. This has resulted in the high cost and scarcity of these conventional feedstuffs.
Poultry feed producers are thus faced with the task of finding alternative feedstuffs that will not compromise quality. The search for such alternatives has exercised Animal Nutritionists in Nigeria for over a decade (Onyimonyi and Okeke, 2002; Onyimonyi and Onukwufor, 2003; Oke et al., 2005; Onyimonyi and Okeke, 2005; Tuleun et al., 2005).
REFERENCES
Adegbola, A.A. (1977). Methionine as an additive to cassava based diets. In: Nestle, B. and Graham, M. (eds). Cassava as an animal feed. Proceedings of a workshop held at the University of Guelph, 18-20 April 1976. Ottawa International Development Research Center, IDRC 095C. pp. 9-17.
Adesida, M. (1979). Least-cost rations for broilers using linear programming. PhD Thesis. University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Alam. M.J., M.A.R. Howlider, M.A.H. Pramanik and M.A. Haque, (2003). Effect of exogenous enzyme in diet on broiler performance. Intl. J. Poult. Sci., 2: 168-173
Almirall, M. and E. Esteve-Gracia (1994). Rate of passage of barley diets with chromium oxide: Influence of age and poultry strain and effect of Bglucanase supplementation. Poult. Sci., 73: 1433-1440
Angelovieova, M., J. Mendel and M. Angelovie,( 2005). Effect of enzyme addition to wheat-based diets in broilers. Trakya Univ. J. Sci., 1: 29-33.
Annison, G., (1995). Feed Enzyme- The Science, future developments and practical aspects in feed formulation. 10th Eur. Symp. on Poultry Nutr. October, 15-19, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 193-201.
A.O.A.C. (1995). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis Washington D.C.
Armas, A.B., and C.F. Chicco. (1973). Evaluación de la harina de yuca(Manihot esculenta) en raciones pare pollos de engorde. Agron. Trop. (Maracay): 23(6): 593-599
Barrios, E.A., and R Bressani. (1967). Composición química de la ráiz y de las hojas de algunas variedades de yuca (Manihot esculenta). Turrialba 17(3):314-320.
CSN Team.
