Production of Plain Woven Fabrics From Flax/Cotton Blend Yarns and Study of Their Properties
Production of Plain Woven Fabrics From Flax/Cotton Blend Yarns and Study of Their Properties.
ABSTRACT
Blended yarns spun from different blend ratio (70/30, 50/50, 30/70, 10/90) Flax/Cotton and 100% Cotton were converted into fabrics through the integration of warp and weft yarns.
The blend yarns were used as weft in the fabric construction using plain weave pattern. The properties of the produced blended fabrics were studied.
The results show useful indications of the differences that exist in their physical and mechanical properties such as the fabric tensile strength, tearing strength, abrasion resistance, crease recovery, extension at break, elongation at break, fabric drape, fabric thickness, fabric crimp and fabric sett.
From the study it was discovered that as the flax content in the blend is increased, both tensile, tearing, abrasion resistance, fabric thickness and fabric crimp reduces.
It was apparent from the study that in order to produce material of good quality that may be used as apparel, the flax content in the blend would have to be reduced.
The strength of the flax fibre was greatly affected during the cottonization process,due to the harsh treatment of the fibres during the cottonization.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION- – – – 1
CHAPTER TWO
- Review Of Literature- – – – – – – – 9
- Effect of spinning parameters on the fabrics – – – – 9
- Mechanical Behaviour- – – – – – – 13
2.2.1 Fabric Sett- – – 14
2.3.2 Fabric Crimp – 15
2.2.3 Fabric Thickness- – – 17
2.2.4 Drape- – – 18
- Crease recovery- – – – – – – – 20
- Abrasion resistance- – – – – – – – 21
- Fabric tearing strength- – – – – – – 23
- Tensile properties of fabrics- – – – – – – 24
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods- – 27
3.1 Materials- – – 27
3.2 Equipment- – 27
- Fabric Production- – – – – – – – 28
- Pirn winding operations- – – – – – – 28
- Weaving operations- – – 28
- Fabric conditioning- – – 29
- Fabric testing- – – – – – – – – 29
- Yarn crimp measurement- – – – – – – 29
- Determination of fabric sett- – – – – – – 32
- Determination of fabric thickness- – – – – – 34
- Determination of fabric drape- – – – – – 36
- Determination of fabric crease recovery- – – – – 38
- Determination of fabric abrasion resistance- – – – – 40
- Fabric tearing strength- – – – – – – 42
- Fabric tensile strength- – – – – – – 44
CHAPTER FOUR
- Results and Discussions- – – – – – – – 46
- Fabric Production- – – – – – – – 46
- Pirn Winding Operations- – – – – – – 46
- Weaving Operations- – – – – – – – 46
- Fabric Conditioning- – – – – – – – 47
- Fabric Testing- – – – – – – – 47
- Fabric Yarn Crimp- – – – – – – – 47
4.2.2 Fabric Sett- – – – – – – – – 51
4.2.3 Fabric Thickness- – – – – – – – 54
4.2.4 Fabric Drape- – – – – – – – – 56
- Fabric Crease Recovery- – – – – – – 58
- Fabric Abrasion Resistance- – – – – – – 61
- Fabric Tearing Strength- – – – – – – 64
- Fabric Tensile Strength- – – – – – – 66
- Fabric Extension and Elongation at break- – – – –
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendations- 72
5.1 Conclusion- – – 72
5.2 Recommendations- – 74
References- – – – 75
Appendix- 79
INTRODUCTION
The properties of woven fabrics depend on the type and composition of fibres used. Thus, flax and cotton fibres are: Flax; Flax is a bast vegetable fibre that comes from the stem of an annual plant called “Linum ussitatissimum”.
The plant usually grows within the range of 40-90cm depending on the variety, soil fertility, plant density and available moisture. Other bast vegetable fibres include jute ,hemp, kenaf, ramie, sunn, and urena (Pringle,1949).
The physical and morphological structure of the plant revealed that the main portion of the flax plant is the woody trunk or boon, which is hollow in the centre.
This is surrounded by the harl, which is composed of the soft bast, in which the fibres are embedded, hence the term ‘bast fibre’ and the outer covering or epidermis.
The elementary flax fibres exhibit a polygonal shape with five to seven sides and they are assembled into bundles of 10-40 fibres. The bundles or ‘compound’ fibres ,run the full length of the stem and are joined to each other at intervals by insoluble gums or pectin (Pringle, 1949; Liholt et al., 1999).
REFERENCES
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Amirbayat, J and Hearle J. W. S. (1989). The Anatomy of Buckling of Textile Fabrics: Drape and comformability. J. Text. Inst., 80 (1) 51-70.
Backer, S. (1951). Mechanics of Elastic Performance of Textile Materials. Text. Res. J., (21) 453- 458.
Baley, C. (2002). Analysis of the flax fibre textile behavior and analysis of the tensile stiffness increased composites: Part A (33), pp939-948.
Bastra, S. K. (1998). Other Heavy Vegetable Fibre. Hand book of Fibre science and technology, Fibre chemistry, New York.
Bhalerao, S. V. (2007). Fabric drape and its measurement. The Indian Text. J.
Booth, J. E. (1968). Principles of Textile testing.3rd edition, Butterworth Pub. London, England.
