Oil Exploitation and Challenges of Development in the Niger Delta Region
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ABSTRACT
This research work is centred on critical analysis of the manner in which oil exploitation is conducted in the Niger Delta Region. It also focuses on how the Niger Delta environment is contaminated via the activities of oil exploitation, thereby leading to abrupt destruction of her natural habitats.
As a result, hardship in the survival of the inhabitants owing to the refusal of the Federal government and Multinational oil companies to embark on drastic human and infrastructural development as an alternative to the bastardized environment in the Niger Delta.
The methodological approach to this research work is based on content analysis of literature on available textbooks, journals, magazines, newspapers, internet sources, articles and other unpublished works by professionals.
Against this backdrop of the research, we come to bear the fact that oil exploitation in the Niger Delta over time has been wrongly fashioned and confirms the position of the Niger Deltans been deprived, alienated, marginalized and neglected.
Also ascertained was the justification of the crises condition of the people of the Niger Delta as a result of idleness and poverty amidst the oil wealth.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Table of content vi
Map of study vii
List of tables viii
List of pictures ix
Chapter One: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Statement of problem 4
1.3. Objectives of the study 6
1.4 Significance of the study 7
1.5 Literature review 8
1.6 Theoretical framework 29
1.7 Hypothesis 37
1.8 Method of data collection/analysis 37
Chapter Two: OIL EXPLOITATION AND THE
NIGER DELTA ENVIRONMENT
2.1 The Composites of the Niger Delta Environment 38
2.2 Oil Exploration and its Resultant Effects on the Environment 43
2.3 Oil Prospecting and the Era of Arms Proliferation in the Region 51
2.4 Poverty Perpetuated Amidst Oil Exploitation in the Niger Delta 53
Chapter Three: OIL HOST COMMUNITIES
AND INFRASTRUCTURAL NEGLECT
3.1 Infrastructural Neglect – The Oloibir Example 58
3.2 Federal Government Boards/Commissions for
Host Communities Development – A Mirage. 65
- Expropraitory Laws of the Federal Government
Against Oil Host Communities. 75
Chapter Four: THE POLITICS OF OIL EXPLOITATION
AND REACTIONS FROM NIGER DELTA OIL
HOST COMMUNITIES
4.1 Elites and Conflicts Generation in the Niger
Delta Oil Host Communities. 79
4.2 Brief History of Crisis/Chronology of Crises in the Niger Delta. 81
4.3 Impact of Crisis on Oil Production. 85
Chapter Five: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary 87
5.2 Conclusion 88
Recommendation 91
Bibliography 98
INTRODUCTION
Oil exploration activities commenced in the Deltaic region of Nigeria in the early 1900s by a Germany entity referred to as the “Nigeria Bitumen Corporation” which started her exploratory activities in the Araromi area of the then Western Nigeria but their activities were truncated by the outbreak of the World War I in 1914 (NNPC: 2005; 1-2).
Oil exploration activities thereafter started with the Shell D’Arcy (the forerunner of Shell Petroleum Development Company, SPDC of Nigeria) in 1937 when Shell was awarded the sole concessionary rights covering the whole territory of Nigeria.
Their activities were also interrupted by the World War II but they resumed in 1947 and with concerted efforts, after several years and investment of over N30 million, the first commercial oil well was discovered in 1956 at Oloibiri in present Ogbia Local Government of Bayelsa State in the Niger Delta region.
This discovery opened up the oil industry in 1961 in Nigeria, bringing more oil firms like the Agip, Mobil, Safrap (now Elf), Texaco and Chevron to petroleum prospecting both in onshore/offshore areas of Nigeria (Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation, NNPC; 2005:1-2).
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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CSN Team.
